Presenting Mathematical Concepts on the World Wide Web
Intellectual Property Rights ... and Wrongs

The general ideas behind the copyright rules are the same for work in the electronic realm as for that in any other medium. The mechanics differ, however, and do so with legal implications.

Here are but two of many possible examples on this topic:<.P>

• Educational fair use says you may copy an excerpt one time, as long as you make no more copies than there are students in the class. For any copies beyond that, you need permission of the person who holds the rights to that material. If you make only one copy, and put it on the WWW, then it is probably publicly available, with the potential for many more copies to be downloaded than students (whether temporarily into RAM or permanently via printer). The quality of subsequent copies, furthermore, does not degrade as it does with older media. There do not yet exist legal precedents for thoroughly dealing with these issues.
• Copyright exists as soon as an expression is fixed in tangible form. Does electronic mail thus qualify for copyright protection? You might think so, because it's fixed on one or more disk drives, but so far there is no legal precedent that ensures this. Furthermore, if the discussion is on an electronic conference or newgroup, who holds the copyright: the individual authors will separately own their own contributions but who, if anyone, owns the collective work? Would fair use brevity measures be measured against individual messages, a particular thread, or an entire conference? Again, no legal precedents exist.