Proof of Theorem 1.1.
We have Schottky groups
.
Set
; then the sides of the Dirichlet
domain
of
are
By lemma 2.1 we have time dependent Hamiltonians
generating isometries
mapping
onto
for
. If we set
then
is an isometry mapping
onto
for
.
Since
is symplectic, there exists a global time dependent
Hamiltonian
for it as in the proof of
lemma 2.1.
For
choose cutoff functions
which are
in the
first and
in the second argument. Moreover, require that
vanishes outside some euclidean neighborhood of
, that it is
identically one in a smaller neighborhood, and that the supports of
the
are disjoint.
(Remember the sides of
do not intersect, where
is the
Dirichlet domain for
centered at
.)
We can also assume that
for
.
In fact, it suffices to choose smooth functions
with sufficiently small supports and then define
by these conditions.
The diffeomorphism
generated by the
time dependent Hamiltonian
then maps each side of
onto the corresponding side of
.
Applying Lemma 2.2 to every summand in the above equation
(frozen to a fixed time t), we see that
and hence
extends smoothly to the boundary
.
Let
be a fundamental set for the action of
on
.
Adding the points on the boundary at infinity adhering to
, we
get a fundamental set
for the action of
on
, where
is the limit set of
. It follows that
.
We can now extend
to an equivariant map
on
as follows.
For
there is a unique element h
of
such that
, we set
Away from the boundary of translates of the fundamental set,
is clearly a diffeomorphism. Further, on the neighborhood
of
one has
Thus, the extension
is indeed a diffeomorphism
.
Moreover,
agrees with
on a neighborhood of
, and hence
holds. One also easily verifies that the equivariance condition (1.1) is satisfied.
We now show
extends to a homeomorphism of
.
For Schottky groups a point in the limit set corresponds to a unique
infinite word in the generators (written from left to right).
That is, to the point
corresponds the sequence
such that
and
is a word of length j
in the generators of
.
If we set
it is clear that
is one-to-one and continuous,
because nearby limit points correspond to words that have long equal
beginnings.
An arbitrary sequence in
converging to
can be written (uniquely) as
, with
and
.
Then the line
shows that the extension
is continuous on
.
Changing the roles of the times 0 and t yields the same for
.
Thus
is a homeomorphism.
Finally, it remains to show that
is quasiconformal with
respect to the Heisenberg metric on
.
We begin by showing that
is quasiconformal on
.
By Lemma 2.2,
is
the [0,1]-flow of the continuously time dependent vector field
, where
is
in its second argument and is given by
Proposition 25 in [15] (which holds as well for time dependent
potentials p) now implies
is K-quasiconformal with K depending only on the first and second
horizontal derivatives of the cutoff functions
and the
first horizontal derivatives of
. (Note that the second
horizontal derivatives of
vanish, because the flow generated by
is conformal.) By the definition (3.1) of the
extension
it immediately follows that
is
quasiconformal on
, since elements of
PU(1,d) operate conformally on
.
To show that quasiconformality extends across
, we use the
analytic definition [15]. Since
has Lebesgue
measure zero, we only have to show the extension of
to
has the ACL property, i.e. for every smooth fibration
by horizontal curves,
is absolutely continuous on
almost every curve in
.
Consider first the case where the limit set
has zero
-dimensional Hausdorff measure. Then the set of curves
in
meeting
has measure zero. To see this,
note that by definition, the measure on
has the property
see [15].
Hence
inherits the ACL
property from
.
In the general case, we extend the family
up to t=2 in such
a way that the generators of
all preserve
. The limit set
then is contained
in
and has Hausdorff dimension at most two (the direction
transverse to the contact hyperplane counts twice,
see [5, p. 526,] or [18]). In particular,
has zero
-dimensional Hausdorff measure. Now set
. As in the special
case above, we can construct homeomorphisms
with the required regularity properties and
such that
where
.
One immediately verifies that
satisfies (1.1) as well as the
regularity properties claimed in Theorem 1.1.
Proof of Theorem 1.3. The proof goes along the same lines as the previous one, except that one gets quasiconformality much easier. So we just sketch the differences.
The analog of Lemma 2.1 holds, where the vector
field
is not Hamiltonian, but is defined on the closure
.
Instead of cutting off Hamiltonians we cut off the time dependent
vector fields
, which generate isometries mapping
onto
. Then the diffeomorphism
generated by the vector field
maps each side
of the Dirichlet domain
onto the corresponding side of
.
The restriction
is extended as before to an
equivariant diffeomorphism
.
As before,
extends as a homeomorphism to
.
Now,
is a diffeomorphism, hence is quasiconformal on
and on
.
Hence the extension
of
is
quasiconformal on
and on
.
As at the end of the previous proof, we only need to consider the
case when
is `small', for instance when it has
-finite (d-2)-dimensional Hausdorff measure.
Then Theorem 35.1 in [22] shows that
is
quasiconformal on all of
.
Alternatively, one can directly apply Theorem 4.2 of [11]
without having to make
small.