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Proof of the theorems

Proof of Theorem 1.1. We have Schottky groups tex2html_wrap_inline955 . Set tex2html_wrap_inline1635 ; then the sides of the Dirichlet domain tex2html_wrap_inline977 of tex2html_wrap_inline1079 are

displaymath1611

By lemma 2.1 we have time dependent Hamiltonians tex2html_wrap_inline1641 generating isometries tex2html_wrap_inline1643 mapping tex2html_wrap_inline1645 onto tex2html_wrap_inline1647 for tex2html_wrap_inline1649 . If we set

displaymath1612

then tex2html_wrap_inline1651 is an isometry mapping tex2html_wrap_inline1653 onto tex2html_wrap_inline1655 for tex2html_wrap_inline1649 . Since tex2html_wrap_inline1651 is symplectic, there exists a global time dependent Hamiltonian tex2html_wrap_inline1661 for it as in the proof of lemma 2.1.

For tex2html_wrap_inline1663 choose cutoff functions tex2html_wrap_inline1665 which are tex2html_wrap_inline959 in the first and tex2html_wrap_inline1485 in the second argument. Moreover, require that tex2html_wrap_inline1671 vanishes outside some euclidean neighborhood of tex2html_wrap_inline1647 , that it is identically one in a smaller neighborhood, and that the supports of the tex2html_wrap_inline1675 are disjoint. (Remember the sides of tex2html_wrap_inline977 do not intersect, where tex2html_wrap_inline977 is the Dirichlet domain for tex2html_wrap_inline1079 centered at tex2html_wrap_inline1429 .) We can also assume that

displaymath1613

for tex2html_wrap_inline1663 . In fact, it suffices to choose smooth functions tex2html_wrap_inline1687 tex2html_wrap_inline1689 with sufficiently small supports and then define tex2html_wrap_inline1691 by these conditions. The diffeomorphism tex2html_wrap_inline1693 generated by the time dependent Hamiltonian

displaymath1614

then maps each side of tex2html_wrap_inline975 onto the corresponding side of tex2html_wrap_inline977 . Applying Lemma 2.2 to every summand in the above equation (frozen to a fixed time t), we see that tex2html_wrap_inline1555 and hence tex2html_wrap_inline1703 extends smoothly to the boundary tex2html_wrap_inline1097 .

Let

displaymath1615

be a fundamental set for the action of tex2html_wrap_inline1079 on tex2html_wrap_inline1227 . Adding the points on the boundary at infinity adhering to tex2html_wrap_inline1711 , we get a fundamental set tex2html_wrap_inline1713 for the action of tex2html_wrap_inline1079 on tex2html_wrap_inline1717 , where tex2html_wrap_inline1719 is the limit set of tex2html_wrap_inline1079 . It follows that tex2html_wrap_inline1723 .

We can now extend tex2html_wrap_inline1725 to an equivariant map tex2html_wrap_inline969 on tex2html_wrap_inline1729 as follows. For tex2html_wrap_inline1731 there is a unique element h of tex2html_wrap_inline1735 such that tex2html_wrap_inline1737 , we set

  equation347

Away from the boundary of translates of the fundamental set, tex2html_wrap_inline969 is clearly a diffeomorphism. Further, on the neighborhood tex2html_wrap_inline1741 of tex2html_wrap_inline1645 one has

displaymath1616

Thus, the extension tex2html_wrap_inline969 is indeed a diffeomorphism tex2html_wrap_inline1747 . Moreover, tex2html_wrap_inline969 agrees with tex2html_wrap_inline1703 on a neighborhood of tex2html_wrap_inline1753 , and hence

displaymath1617

holds. One also easily verifies that the equivariance condition (1.1) is satisfied.

We now show tex2html_wrap_inline969 extends to a homeomorphism of tex2html_wrap_inline1469 . For Schottky groups a point in the limit set corresponds to a unique infinite word in the generators (written from left to right). That is, to the point tex2html_wrap_inline1759 corresponds the sequence tex2html_wrap_inline1761 such that tex2html_wrap_inline1763 and tex2html_wrap_inline1765 is a word of length j in the generators of tex2html_wrap_inline1735 . If we set

displaymath1618

it is clear that tex2html_wrap_inline1771 is one-to-one and continuous, because nearby limit points correspond to words that have long equal beginnings. An arbitrary sequence in tex2html_wrap_inline1729 converging to tex2html_wrap_inline1759 can be written (uniquely) as tex2html_wrap_inline1777 , with tex2html_wrap_inline1779 and tex2html_wrap_inline1781 . Then the line

displaymath1619

shows that the extension tex2html_wrap_inline969 is continuous on tex2html_wrap_inline1469 . Changing the roles of the times 0 and t yields the same for tex2html_wrap_inline1791 . Thus tex2html_wrap_inline969 is a homeomorphism.

Finally, it remains to show that tex2html_wrap_inline969 is quasiconformal with respect to the Heisenberg metric on tex2html_wrap_inline1797 . We begin by showing that tex2html_wrap_inline969 is quasiconformal on tex2html_wrap_inline1801 . By Lemma 2.2, tex2html_wrap_inline1803 is the [0,1]-flow of the continuously time dependent vector field tex2html_wrap_inline1607 , where tex2html_wrap_inline1809 is tex2html_wrap_inline1485 in its second argument and is given by

eqnarray376

Proposition 25 in [15] (which holds as well for time dependent potentials p) now implies tex2html_wrap_inline1803 is K-quasiconformal with K depending only on the first and second horizontal derivatives of the cutoff functions tex2html_wrap_inline1675 and the first horizontal derivatives of tex2html_wrap_inline1823 . (Note that the second horizontal derivatives of tex2html_wrap_inline1823 vanish, because the flow generated by tex2html_wrap_inline1823 is conformal.) By the definition (3.1) of the extension tex2html_wrap_inline969 it immediately follows that tex2html_wrap_inline969 is quasiconformal on tex2html_wrap_inline1801 , since elements of PU(1,d) operate conformally on tex2html_wrap_inline1097 .

To show that quasiconformality extends across tex2html_wrap_inline1117 , we use the analytic definition [15]. Since tex2html_wrap_inline1117 has Lebesgue measure zero, we only have to show the extension of tex2html_wrap_inline969 to tex2html_wrap_inline1097 has the ACL property, i.e. for every smooth fibration tex2html_wrap_inline1847 by horizontal curves, tex2html_wrap_inline969 is absolutely continuous on almost every curve in tex2html_wrap_inline1847 .

Consider first the case where the limit set tex2html_wrap_inline1117 has zero tex2html_wrap_inline1855 -dimensional Hausdorff measure. Then the set of curves in tex2html_wrap_inline1847 meeting tex2html_wrap_inline1117 has measure zero. To see this, note that by definition, the measure on tex2html_wrap_inline1847 has the property

displaymath1620

see [15]. Hence tex2html_wrap_inline1863 inherits the ACL property from tex2html_wrap_inline1865 .

In the general case, we extend the family tex2html_wrap_inline1079 up to t=2 in such a way that the generators of tex2html_wrap_inline1871 all preserve tex2html_wrap_inline1873 . The limit set tex2html_wrap_inline1875 then is contained in tex2html_wrap_inline1877 and has Hausdorff dimension at most two (the direction transverse to the contact hyperplane counts twice, see [5, p. 526,] or [18]). In particular, tex2html_wrap_inline1875 has zero tex2html_wrap_inline1855 -dimensional Hausdorff measure. Now set tex2html_wrap_inline1883 tex2html_wrap_inline1885 . As in the special case above, we can construct homeomorphisms tex2html_wrap_inline1887 with the required regularity properties and such that

displaymath1621

where tex2html_wrap_inline1889 . One immediately verifies that tex2html_wrap_inline1891 satisfies (1.1) as well as the regularity properties claimed in Theorem 1.1. tex2html_wrap_inline1505

Proof of Theorem 1.3. The proof goes along the same lines as the previous one, except that one gets quasiconformality much easier. So we just sketch the differences.

The analog of Lemma 2.1 holds, where the vector field tex2html_wrap_inline1345 is not Hamiltonian, but is defined on the closure tex2html_wrap_inline1469 . Instead of cutting off Hamiltonians we cut off the time dependent vector fields tex2html_wrap_inline1899 , which generate isometries mapping tex2html_wrap_inline1645 onto tex2html_wrap_inline1647 . Then the diffeomorphism tex2html_wrap_inline1693 generated by the vector field tex2html_wrap_inline1907 maps each side of the Dirichlet domain tex2html_wrap_inline975 onto the corresponding side of tex2html_wrap_inline977 . The restriction tex2html_wrap_inline1725 is extended as before to an equivariant diffeomorphism tex2html_wrap_inline1915 . As before, tex2html_wrap_inline969 extends as a homeomorphism to tex2html_wrap_inline1097 .

Now, tex2html_wrap_inline1703 is a diffeomorphism, hence is quasiconformal on tex2html_wrap_inline1227 and on tex2html_wrap_inline1097 . Hence the extension tex2html_wrap_inline969 of tex2html_wrap_inline1725 is quasiconformal on tex2html_wrap_inline1227 and on tex2html_wrap_inline1801 . As at the end of the previous proof, we only need to consider the case when tex2html_wrap_inline1117 is `small', for instance when it has tex2html_wrap_inline1937 -finite (d-2)-dimensional Hausdorff measure. Then Theorem 35.1 in [22] shows that tex2html_wrap_inline969 is quasiconformal on all of tex2html_wrap_inline1097 . Alternatively, one can directly apply Theorem 4.2 of [11] without having to make tex2html_wrap_inline1117 small. tex2html_wrap_inline1505


next up previous
Next: References Up: Deformation of Schottky groups Previous: Notation and preliminaries

Robert Miner
Wed Jan 22 10:50:29 CST 1997