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The picture environment in latex

• You can draw in the "picture" environment. For example, the following code
  \documentstyle[12pt]{article}
\begin{document}

\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm}
\begin{picture}(5,5)
\linethickness{2pt}
\put(0,0){\vector(1,2){1}}
\put(2,3){\vector(2,3){1}}
\put(2.2,3.2){$a_1$}
\end{picture}

\end{document}
  Produce ...
• In latex2e we can do more complicated drawing like the example below
  \documentstyle[12pt]{article}
\begin{document}

\setlength{\unitlength}{2pt}
\begin{picture}(50,200)
\linethickness{1pt}
\bezier{20}(0,0)(10,30)(50,30)
\bezier{200}(0,0)(40,0)(50,30)
\thinlines
\put(0,0){\circle*{1}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,3){10}}
\put(0,-1){\makebox(0,0)[t]{A}}
\put(10,30){\circle*{1}}
\put(10,31){\makebox(0,0)[b]{B}}
\put(50,30){\circle*{1}}
\put(50,30){\line(-1,0){40}}
\put(50,31){\makebox(0,0)[b]{C}}
\end{picture}

\end{document}

  Produce ...
• There are even simpler commands that allow you to create commutative diagrams. For example (using the packages amstex.sty and amscd.sty),

  {\Huge
\begin{equation*}
\begin{CD}
{\Bbb R^2} @>F>> {\Bbb R^2} \\
@VhVV @VVkV \\
{\Bbb R^2} @>>G> {\Bbb R^2}
\end{CD}
\end{equation*}
}
{\Huge
\begin{equation*}
\begin{CD}
{\Bbb R^2} @>>F> {\Bbb R^2} @>>H> {\Bbb R^2} @>I>> {\Bbb R^2} \\
@VVhV @VkVV \\
{\Bbb R^2} @>G>> {\Bbb R^2}
\end{CD}
\end{equation*}
}
creates ...
  

• There are many applications that allow you to make diagrams or graphs such as showcase, idraw, xfig and so on.